Sound



May 2, 1961 J. L. HATHAWAY TELEVISION SYSTEM 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 28, 1958 /NTFPLEVED Jau/y: Pfci/ se PR06PAM JOUECE INVENTOR. JAHR-ETT l.. HATHAWAY May 2, 1961 J. L. HATHAWAY 2,982,813

TELEVISION SYSTEM Filed Aug- 28| 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 2, 1961 J. L. HATHAWAY TELEVISION SYSTEM 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 28, 1958 BG NR SR w w SSR III'- INVENTOR. JAHRE-r I.. HATHAWAY United TELEVISION SYSTEM Filed Aug. 28, 1958, Ser. No. 757,862

Claims. (Cl. 178-5.6)

This invention relates to a television transmission system in which the sound and picture components of a television signal are transmitted over a single circuit.

It is an object of the invention tol provide an improved system for simultaneously transmitting the picture and sound signals in a television signal over a single video circuit.

A further object is to provide a novel television transmission system in which the sound signal or component is interleaved at a pre-selected position in the frequency Spectrum of the picture signal by positioning the-sound signal in the space between .a selected pair of energy Ybunches of the picture signal, permitting the simultaneous transmission of the sound and picture signals over a single video circuit.

The useful energy of broadcasting television signals occupies the spectrum from 30 c.p.s. (cycles per second) through about 4.2 mc. (megacycles). The picture content changes the distribution of energy within the band but certain conditions always exist. Video generated by scanning a picture is composed mainly of energy which is harmonically related to the horizontal and vertical scanning rates. rIhus, in the use of existing standards, the energy occurs in bunches, centered at multiples of 15,750. c.p.s. with sidebands spaced at various multiples Vof the vertical scanning rate.

Between these energy bunches are spaces or gaps which are relatively free of video energy. l

According to the objectsvof the invention, apparatus is provided by which the sound components of a television signal are interleaved in the space between a selected pair of the energy bunches in the television picture or video signal. By the proper positioning of the sound components or signal in the frequency spectrum of the picture signal between the selected pair of energy bunches, in a manner to be described, the sound signal may be interleaved without excessive interference from the picture elements. Also interference from sound into video is minimized at the selected frequency.

An interleaved sound system is provided by the invention such that both picture and sound signals can be simultaneously transmitted over a signal video circuit. The videto circuit need not be high in quality. For example, a coaxial cable of about one-half the normal bandwidth may be used and should not impair the sound quality.

A more detailed description of the invention will now be given with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:

Figure l is a block diagram of one application of an interleaved sound system constructed according to the invention;

Figure 2 shows a portion of the frequency spectrum of a typical composite television signal or wave, including sound and picture signals, as produced by the invention;

Figure 3 shows a pair of video waveforms useful in describing the operation of the invention;

States Patent- 2,982,813 PatentedV May 2, 196,1

'ice

Figure 4 is a circuit diagram, given only by way of example, of an interleaved sound generator suitable for use in the block diagram of Figure 1; and

Figure 5 is a circuit diagram, given only by way of example, of an interleaved sound receiver suitable for use in the block diagram of Figure l. g y

For the sake of description, it will be assumed that the invention is to be used in the connection between a program source such as a television studio and a radio transmitter or other means for transmitting the television signal originating at the studio to a desired distant location. This application of the invention is shown in the block diagram of Figure 1. l

A program source 10 includes any suitable apparatus for producing the sound and picture componentsof a television signal. The picture component is transmitted over a connection represented by a lead 11 to radio transmitters 12. The lead 11 may be any means capable of carrying a picture or video signal and Vrnaybe` a coaxial cable of conventional construction and operation. As shown by the-dotted section, the connection represented by lead 11 may include a radio transmission system such as a microwave relay system.

In accordance with the invention, the sound component or audio signal is applied from the program source 10 to an interleaved sound generator 13 over connections'represented by lead 14. The generator 13 is arranged in one embodiment of the invention to process the applied soundA signal into a single sideband signal of predeterminedfrequency. The single sideband signal vis fed from the generator 13 to the lead or connection The composite signal is .fed over theleadill to the Iradio 'transmitters 12. A picture transmitter 12 is responsive to the picture signal received over lead 11 to ,transmit the picturel signalvia anantenna`16 to a distant location.r A portion vof-the composite signal fed over lead 11 is applied to anl interleaved sound receiver 17 over connections represented by lead 18. The interleaved sound receiver 17 is responsive to the single Sideband sound signal in the composite wave received to reproduce the sound or audio originating at the source 10. The Sound signal is fed over connections repre.- sented by a lead 19 and including a switch 20 to'a sound transmitter 12. The sound transmitter 12 functions to transmit the sound signal via the antenna 16er other means to the distant location. While radio transmitters 12 are shown, any desiredv means for transmittingor utilizing the sound' andy picture `signals may be used. Many examples of apparatus for transmitting the picture and sound signals over a radio path or land lines are available, and a detailed description thereof is not necessary. t

As previously mentioned, it is known that the useful energy of television signals occupies the spectrum from 30 c.p.s. through about 4.2 rnc. The video generated by scanning a'picture is composed mainly of energy which is harmonically related to the horizontal and vertical scanning rates. Assuming a horizontalV scanning rate of 15,750 c.p.s., the video occurs in energy bunches centered at multiples of .15,750 c.p.s., with sidebands at various multiples of the vertical scanning rate. Spaces which are relatively free of video energy occur between the energy bunches. There isshown in Figure 2 a portion of the frequenc 1 intelligence. Y Y ytions in the videofspectrumto be most favorable. Y The lower harmonicsof 15,750 c.p.s. such as in the hundreds spectrum of a typical picture or video signal. While only the 112th, 113th, 114th and 115th harmonics are shown for'present purposes, the remainder of the frequency spectrumof `the picture signalcan be VreadilyA visualized from Lthe portion/shown in Figure-'2. As shown,- between the video energy bunches,centered4V at the respectiveharmonic frequenciesthere are gaps Vin' which-the video energy is at a' minimum Thereare hundreds -ofY mter- Vvals betweenthe bunches of video energy,=andone or more of these vgaps could be used forV thertranmission of However, tests have indicated certain localof kilocycles (kc), are found to generally-have greater i amplitudes than the harmonics in'thepme'gacycles region.

This indicates that somewhereclose..t`o the video ceiling would be jthe most favorable position for interleaving 'soundk signals; YHowever, there vappear to be important 'reasonsfor avoidingan excessively high'frequency placement. Interleav'ing'- the sound at too high a frequency might aggravatetheapparatus stability problems. In -addition, the sync generator shifts caused Vby power line 'control frequency uctuations would be excessive. Also,

low Yquality transmission, such as over someA coaxial cables, might lose vthe ysound components. Comparative tests conducted on the approximate frequencies of'5l5 kc., V1,420 kc. andl,860k lic. indicated the `best overall results in the range of the highest ofthe three frequencies. Having determined the approximate position most 'favorable Vfor interleaving Vsound in the picture signals,

Y 'itremains to determine the optimum type of modulation for the interleaved sound. Frequency modulation would 'appear tobe practicable except for thenarrow'gap be- Itween video bunches and the fact that frequency modulation would, imply Afull transmission level regardless of Y' audio prograrnfpealrs "or pauses. rOrdinary amplitude modulation would appear to be undesirable forv similar Y.

reasons." Amplitude modulationwith suppressedpcarrier ,would represent an improvement since` during audio program pansestherewould b e YnoV interference into the video andV also becausethe recovered sound signal-to-noise ratio would Vbe `better- I-lrur/ever,` the bandwidth would Vbe `double, that of a siugle .sidebandsystem.` From Vthe above,fit follopvvs that a single sidebandsuppressed carrier system appears toV havefdefinite advantages; Sucha systemhas 4the narrowest Yfrequency. band requirement, leavfing theV greatest toleranceffor movement of the television sync, generator'frequency andfconsequent movement' ofl vthe picture energy.n V.Stabilized transmitting andreceiving equipment can be developed which vwill,A beV much simpler and more reliable than those requiring aV lock to sync generator puls'es. p Carrier reinsertion is not phase sensitive asin the double sideband suppressed carrier system,

' and the best overall Vsound, signal-to-noise is possible with- `out picture degradation.Y

Forpurposes ofdescription, itY will be assumed, following a consideration of the Yabove-mentioned factors,

that it has been determined Vthat optimum operation is .t 'obtainable in a given. application by interleaving the sound signal'at a frequency of4 approximately 1,785 kc. or in theY area o f-they ll3th-ll4th harmonic. Gaps `in the Avideo energy Vare centered at all odd multiples of half .horizontal scanning frequency or time ,any odd integer. ,Knowing approximately the desiredoperating frequency ofl,785 kc., a suitable odd integeris 227.. This multiplies out to Y1,787,625 c.p.s. as 'the desired gap -center (assuming a 60V c.p.s. controlled Vsync'. generator). Measurements of power linetfrequency 'have indicated'a maximum variation of 0.1Y percent.

'.Furthermore, calculation of the departure: ofcolor. sync generators from the' exact 60 c.p.s. controlledy generator shows thatcolor runs 0.1 percent low. In one embodiment of the invention which has beentested, it was decided to locate the center ofthe sound band midway between the color and 60 c.p.s. controlled sync generators, even though on occasions black-and-white may run .05 Vpercent or so aboyernormal.

subtracted. This gives thejdesired Y band center of 1,786,731 for the sound signal interleaved in the picture signal Y The present audio spectrum is from 120 through 4,200

c.p.s. and, on the average,' maximum energy probably;

centers around 500'c.p.s. However, this energy center is not the sole factor in determining optimum interleaving frequency, since high audio frequencies are pre-emphasized and occasionally create the highest peak levels.

Thus, 1000 c.p.s. is taken as the audio band center. v

Assuming that single sideband `sound modulation is used and' that the upper sideband is selected^,'the`.single side"-V band carrier prior to suppression should have a frequency 1,000 c.p.s. below 1,786,731 or 1,785,731 'c.p.s.'

In the embodiment vof the invention `depicted in Figures l and 2, therefore, the interleaved sound generator 13 is responsive to the sound or audio signal supplied by the program ysource l10 to produce at its output a single sideband signal having a band center at, 1,786,731.V c.p.s. VThe single sideband signal' is combinedwith the ponents isdetermined so as `to be appreciably greater than that of` adjacent video bunches toV provide proper signalto-noise ratio, although the diagram is not intended toY be exactlynto scale Vin this respect: VHowever, when all the t Vvideo bunches are combined, as for 'example in a peak-toe, y lpeak voltage measurement, the sound components repre-V, 1 sent only'a. small fraction. YThe complete Vvideo Wave-.- form, as observed on a cathode ray'oscilloscopeis shown ,I in Figure 3. AFigure 3g represents a portion Vof 'a single Y 'linescan under normal condition,while Figure 3b repre-V sents fthe same VKconditionvvi'th the addition of interleaved .sound Yatxiording tothelinvention. YAs shown, the .sound signalamplitude amounts to about 5 percent of the total amplitude. After transmission over a long line orV ja ,Y

radio relay circuit, for example, the sound undula'tijon's during the sync pulse areY generally' eliminated.

- In describing the invention, it .has been assumed Vthat the sound signal is to be interleaved as asingle sideband signal; A circuit diagram. of a single sideband signal` generator suitablefor'use as ,thev gefneratorly of Figure 'lis given inl-ligure 4. Y Assuming Vthat the upper sidef l band` of r,a suppressed carrier single sidebandV signal is Y to be used, a local oscillatorsuch as a crystal'oscillator 25` having an operating` frequencyA of l,785,731,c.p.s.V is

provided. Y.'Iheoutput of the ,oscillator 2,5 is fedl to the Y control grid of a low gain or isolating ampliielrr tube 26 overan electrical path including a capacitor 27, and resistors 28, l29 series connected to ground. Thev term ground as used in the specification is to be understood kas referringuto a point of xedor zero alternating reference potential. The cathode Vof Vtube 26 is connected through a resistor 30 to the junction of resistorsZS, 29

and thesuppressor grid of Atube 26 is connected to ground.: `The plate of4 tube 26 is connected to the positive terminal l 31 of a source of` unidirectional potential, for example,

volts, over an electrical path including the primary v winding 32 of aninputtransformer `33. and a resistor 34. The screen gridoftube 26 isconnected tothe termi# nal 31 through the resistor 34 anda network including Thus, l percent of 1,787,625 is divided by -two, and the result 894 c.p.s. is p resistor 35 and by-pass capacitors 36, 37 connected to ground.

Tube 26 is biased in the manner described to be normally conducting, and the oscillations produced by the oscillator 25 are amplied and applied to the winding 32 of the transformer 33. The transformer 33 includes two secondary windings 38, 39. One end of the rst winding 38 is connected to ground through capacitor 41, and the other end is connected to the grid of a triode tube 43. One end of the second winding. 39 is connected to ground through a capacitor 44 and the other end of winding 39 is connected to the grid of a second triode tube 45. A resistive load including series-connected resistors 46, 47 is connected across the windings 38, 39 between the grids of tubes 43, 45. A grid return resistor 48 is connected between the junction of resistors 46, 47 and ground. A variable capacitor 49 having a fixed capacitor 50 connected thereacross is connected between the grids of tubes 43, 45 and functions to tune the input to the tubes 43, 45.

A sound signal originating, for example, at a program source as shown in Figure 1 is applied over the connections represented by lead 14 to input terminals 51, 52. An input switch 53 having a pair of wiper arms arranged to be moved simultaneously between three contact positions is provided. One side of the input is applied from terminal 51 to the junction of winding 38 and capacitor 41 through one wiper arm and contact 2 of the switch 53 and a capacitor 54. The other side of the input is applied from the terminal 52 to the junction of the second winding 39 and capacitor 44 through the second wiper arm and contact 2 of switch 53 and a capacitor 55. The cathodes of tubes 43, 45 are connected together through a balancing resistor 56 having together and to the positive terminal 58 of a source of unidirectional potential, for example, G volts, through a resistor 59, a radio frequency by-pass capacitor 60 and a resistor 61.

From the above, it is apparent that tubes 43, 45 form a balanced modulator of conventional construction and operation. The sound signai supplied via terminals 51, 52 and the radio frequency signal supplied by oscillator 25 are each applied in an out of phase relationship (pushpull) to the grids of tubes 43, 45. The resistor 56 is adjusted to minimize the output carrier frequency energy such that only the sum and difference frequencies resulting from the operation of the modulator appear at the output thereof. The resulting output frequencies are applied from .the plates of tubes 43, 45 to the control grid of an amplifier tube 62 over an electrical path including a coupling capacitor 63 and a grid resistor 64 connected to ground.

The cathode of tube 62 is connected to ground through a biasing resistor 65. 'Ihe plate of tube 62 is connected to the positive terminal 70 of a source of unidirectional potential through a pair of resistors 71, 72. The screen grid of tube 62 is connected to the terminal 70 over an electrical path including a capacitor 73 connected to ground, a resistor 74, a capacitor 75 connected to ground and the resistor 72. Tube 62 is biased in the manner described to be normally conducting, and the resulting amplified signal is applied via a capacitor 76 from the plate of tube 62 to a crystal single sideband iilter 77 connected to ground.

The filter '77 is constructed to have a relative response characteristic such that it passes only a selected one of the sidebands available at its input. It has been assumed ythat the upper sideband is to be selected. The lter 77 therefore is set to reject the carrier and lower sideband frequencies and to pass only the upper sideband. Crystal lters having such a response are commercially available `and a detailed description of the construction and operation thereof is unnecessary. If the lower sideband were to be selected, a lter 77 having the proper respouse characteristic to pass only the lower sideband would be used.

The upper sideband is fed from the lter 77 to the control grid of an amplier tube 79. The control grid of tube 79 is connected to ground through a resistor 80 and the armature 81 and contact 82 of a relay 83. For the moment, it will be assumed that the winding 84 of relayk 83 is energized over an electrical path including a closed on-oi switch 85 and a current source such as a battery 86, causing the armature 81 to engage contact 82 as shown in therdrawing.. The cathode of tube 79 is connected to ground through a resistor 87 and the armature 81 and contact 82 of relay 83, and the suppressor grid of tube 79 is connected to ground. The plate of tube 79 is connected to the positive terminal 88 of a source of unidirectional potential, for example, 150 volts, over an electrical path including a resistor 89, a capacitor 92 connected to ground and a parallel tuned circuit comprising a variable inductor and a capacitor 91. The screen grid of tube 79 is connected to the terminal 88 over an electrical path including a capacitor V93 connected to ground, a resistor 94, the capacitor 92 and the resistor 89. The plate of tube 79 is tuned to the approximate center of the upper sideband signal by the inductor 90. The amplified upper sideband signal is fed from the plate of tube 79 to ground over a path including a capacitor 95, a resistor 96 and a resistor 97.

Resistor 9-5 includes a variable tap connected to the control grid of a tinal ampliiier tube 98. The cathode of tube 98 is connected to ground through a resistor 99, and the suppressor grid of tube 98 is connected to ground. The plate of tube 98 is connected to the positive terminal 108 of a source of unidirectional'potential, for example, 150 volts, through resistors 101, 102. The screen grid of tube 98 is connected to the terminal 108 over a path including a capacitor 103 connected to ground, a resistor 104, a capacitor 105 connected to ground and resistor 102.

The output of amplifier tube 98 (the amplied upper sideband sound signal) is applied from the plate of tube 98 to the picture line 11, shown as a coaxial cable, b y the connections represented by lead 15 in Figure l and including a capacitorl 106 and resistor 107. The high im-I pedance inl the form of resistor 107 serves to bridge the single sideband signal generator across the coaxial video cable 11. t

In the operation of the circuit arrangement given in Figure 4, then, a composite signal as shown in Figure 2 is produced on the cable or lead 11. The single sideband sound signal is interleaved in the gap between the video bunches corresponding to the 113th and 114th harmonics.

The output level of the generator is adjusted by the resistor 96 for the desired level of audio transmission on the video line. As mentioned in connection with Figure 3, it has been found satisfactory to set the level around 5 percent of the peak-to-peak composite video level. Under this condition, picture monitors and receivers show a pattern during modulation peaks which is somewhat less obvious than the cross-hatch pattern on a black-andwhite monitor due to color transmission. During low level audio passages interference into the video is non'- existent.

A circuit diagram of an interleaved sound receiver suitable for use as the receiver 17 in Figure l and in an application including theV interleaved sound generator of Figure 4 is given in Figure 5. The receiver is bridged across the cable or lead 11 by the connections shown as lead 18 in Figure l including a capacitor 108 and resistor 109 connected in series between the cable 11 and ground. Resistor 109 includes a variable tap connected through a Aresistor 110 to the control grid of an amplilier tube 115.

Vis connected to the positive terminal 120 of. asouifce of unidirectional potential, for example, lSOvolt's, over an electrical path'including a resistor 121',..a capacitor 122 v connected to ground and a resistor 123. .The screen grid ofvtube Y115 is connected to the terminal 120 over an electrical path Vincluding a capacitor 124`c`onnected toground,

a/resistor 125Aand resistor 123.

. Resistor 109 operates.. as the inputlevelJ- control and is set .to provide the proper operating level for theamplitier 115. The amplified picture and single sideband sound signal are appliedfrom the plate of .tube 115 through a capacitor. 127 to a crystal .filter 126 connected to ground. The l'ilter. 126 is of .the same .construction and characteristics .as the filter 77 in thev generatorof Figure 4and is 'designed to pass the upper sideband. Thus, the sound Y g signal interleavedon the picture line 11Y is passed through kpotential over an electrical path including a resistor 136,

a capacitor 137 connected toA ground and a parallel tuned f circuit Ycomprising, a variable inductor V138 Vanda .ca-

pacitor 139. The screen grid isgconnected tothe cathode of tube 129 through a resistor 14,0,and tothe terminal 135 'over an electrical pathzincluding a capacitor .141.60mnectedtoground,a.resistr 142 and the resistor 136. The

plate of the amplie'r tube.129. is tuned to the center of theupper sideband bythe inductor 138.

Q The tuned output of the amplifier, 129 iswfed tov a demodulator stage including a multi-grid tube 143. For convenience, thegrids of tube 143 will be referred to as first through fth, reading from the cathode to the plate of tube 143. The cathode of tube 143 isconnected to ground. A The first grid is coupled to the output of a local oscillator 144 over an electrical path including a resistor 145 Vconnected to groundpand a capacitor 1461 The oscillfator 144 may be a crystal oscillatorv of the same construction and operation as the local oscillatorZS ofthe generator in Figure 4 andr is 'set to generate oscillations of the same carrieror radio frequency, 1,785,731 c.p.s. The third. grid'of tube 1431is coupled to the tuned 'plate of tube 129 .by Ia capacitorV 147 and a series circuit con nected to ground includingan inductor 148 anda resistor y149; TheV fifth grid of tube Y143 is connected to ground. The plateof tube 143 is connected-to Ythe positiverterninal 150 ofa source of unidirectionalpotential, for ex.

- ample, 150 volts, over anelectrical path including a ca'- Vpacitor 151 connected to` ground and resistors 1,52, 153.

response so as to avoid interference in the sound from' the edgesof the video bunches adjacent to the interleaved sound components in the'composite signal carriedover lead 1,1..

Y, .Theaudio frequencysignal resulting fromY the beating of thelocal oscillatorfrequency with the received single sideband sound signal is coupled from the plate of demodulator tube 143 to the-gridV of an ,amplifier tube 158 over an electrical path including a capacitor 159, resistor' i161V` connected to Vground and a series ltuned 4circuit con- -a capacitor anda resistor, 181

otherwise be excessive energy, caused Ab'y imperfec'tionV tlband passof either or both of the .crystal iiltersv '7. 1,.1 ,u r`'.[he cathode of the audioampliiier tube 15S. is com nectcdrto ground through a resistor 167. .The plateof tubeqlSSrismcoupled Ato, the cOntrolgrid-faSeCnd.or final audioiampliiier tube -168 via a capacitor '.169 and agresistor 17d connected to ground. The plateoftube 15S is connectedto Ythe positive terminal .171 oa source ot' .unidirectional potential, for example, 150 volts, through a resistor 17-2. Theamplied audio-signal-is appliedk from the iirst audioamplifler158 to the second amplifier 16S for further. amplification. Theesecond audio amplier .tube 16S includes a cathode .connected to ground through a resistor 173-and a suppressor gridconnected tothe cathode. thereof... The 4plate of tube 168 is connected through the primary Winding 174 ofy an output transformer 175 to theeterminal 1,71, and-theV screen vgrid of tube 166 is connected directly tothe terminal :171. Theampliied audio frequency vor sound signal originating at the program source 16 of Figure l Vappears across the secondary winding 176 `of transformer 175 for application to the sound transmitter 12 or other apparatus via output terminals 177,178 and the connections represented bylead19inFigurer1; y 'A j 2 A Y In order -to reduce harmonic distortion and output impedance, atirstrYA and second`V feedback path are provided Figure 5. A -rstfeedback path is Ycompleted Vfromfthe plate of `tube Y163 lto the output of tube 158 .througl:rV a

resistor y'179 so Vas to reduce the gain'of the second amplitier tube 168. YA second/feedback path is completed from the plateof tube 16S to thecathode o'f tube1158 through to reduce the gainV of the'entire audio amplier. A f n For an optimum signal-tonoise condition, the audioor sound input to the interleaved sound generator from the program source 10is by means of an automatic audio gain control (compressor). To partially offset the elfect of the compression circuit at the generator input, whileV at thesame time increasing the signal to noise ratio, an expansion circuitY is provided at the receiver. A portion of the amplifiedV audio or sound signal at the plate of tube 168 is applied to ground over an electrical path including a capacitor 132, a resistor 183 and aresistor 184. `A `variable vtap `on-resistor 184 is connected through a diode or other unidirectional current conducting device 185 .to

Athe junctionof resistors 132, 133. The diode 185 ispoled to conduct in the' direction of the arrow. Resistors 132 and 133 are induded'in the biasing Circuit-or the amptif source are, by means of the invention, to be regularly forwarded over a single video circuit. Theinvention is 4also suitable for use in an application where the interleaved -sound system of the invention is used on a standby or emergency basis. It is common practicein theV opera- Y tion of television transmission systems between a program source and equipment such as the radio transmitters 12 to forward. the sound signals Vover one path including, for example, a high velocity coaxial cable and the picture signals over a; second separate path including, for eit-k ample, a microwave relay system. Such a system isshovvn in Figure l. YThe picture'signals are'forwarded over the lead ll'which, as indicated by the dotted section, may include a microwave relay vor other radio system.V The sound signals. areforwarded .over a second 'path'repre vsented 'by' the dashed lead V186. The path 186 maylinaaeasrs 9 clude a coaxialcable or, as indicatedbythedotted section, may Aalso'include a microwave relay or other radio system. The switch 20 is ordinarily positioned so as to complete the path 186 for the sound signals between the source 10 and the sound transmitter 12.

The loss of the sound signals due to a mechanical or other failure in the path 186 results in considerable expense and grief to those concerned with the operation of the overall system. The invention provides an inexpensive and highly practical way of saving the program transmission during sound transmission failures where two separate paths are normally used to carry the program intelligence. According to the invention, an interleaved sound generator 13 constructed, for example, as shown in Figure 4, is connected between the lead 11 and the output of source 10. 'Ihe generator 13 is responsive to the sound signals originating at the source 10 to produce a composite signal over lead 11 in the manner described. The interleaved sound receiver 17 constructed, for example, as shown in Figure 5, is connected between the lead 11 and the switch 20.

Reference has been made to the relay '83 in the generator, of Figure 4. During periods of proper sound .transmission over lead 186, the generator is held o'n standby operation. Switch 8S is open, causing winding 84 of relay 83 to be deenergized. Armature 81 engages an open contact 187 of relay 83. As a result of this action, the cathode and control grid of amplifier tube 79 are connected to ground through a second resistor 188. The added resistance of resistor 18S reduces the gain of the -ampliier tube 79, and thereby reduces the level of the sound signal interleaved on the line 11 to a point where no interference occurs in the picture signals forwarded over lead 11. A similar relay arrangement is provided at the receiver shown in Figure 5. In standby operation, a switch 189 is open, causing the winding 190 o'f a relay 191 to be deenergized. In this condition of relay 191, the cathode of ampliiier tube 115 is connected to ground through the resistor 116, armature 192 and contact 193 of relay 191. Resistor 118 in the cathode circuit is shorted out, increasing the gain of amplifier tube 115 and of the receiver.

When a failure occurs in the sound path or connecn'on 186, the switch 20 is placed in the position shown in Figure 1 to connect the sound input of transmitters 12 to the output of the interleaved sound receiver. Switch 85 at the generator, Figure 4, is closed. Relay 83 is operated, causing armature 81 to engage contact 82. This action shorts out the resistor 188 in the cathode and control grid circuit of amplilier tube 79, increasing the gain of tube 79. The output sound signal interleaved on lead 11 increases, for example, by 15 db, to full level transmission. At the receiver, Figure 5, the switch 189 is closed, operating relay 191. Armature 192 is made to engage an open contact 194 of relay 191. The cathode of tube 115 is then connected to ground through the resistors 116, 118. The gain of tube 115 is reduced, and so on. While switches 85 and 189 are shown as manually operated, a suitable alarm and automatic switching circuit including means for transmitting a control tone or other signal over an auxiliary tie line circuit may be completed therebetween so that the two switches are automatically switched almost simultaneously in response to a failure on the path 186, causing only a minimum of transmission time of the sound signals to be lost. When amplifier 79 operates at high gain and the amplier 115 at low gain during full level sound transmission, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by approximately l db as compared to the standby condition.

While the arrangement of Figure l assumes two separate inputs, picture and sound, and two separate transmitters 12, the invention may also be used in arrangements where a single transmitter is designed to transmit or otherwise handle the composite sound and picture signal. In such a system the composite signal is received by suitable radio receiver or other apparatus at a desired distant location and fed to the interleaved soundreceiver as described. The sound or audio signal is reproduced by the interleaved sound receiver and fed toa 'loud speaker or other sound reproducing device, while the picture signal is fed from the radio receiver to suitable cathode ray tube or other picture reproducing means.

In the operation of the interleaved sound system ofthe invention, frequent checking of the oscillator frequencies is desirable to prevent audible distortion. `.Thewiper arms ofthe input switch 53 in the'generator, Figure 4, may be positioned at the respective contacts 3 of the switch 53 to connect the output of a 120 cycle tone source 195 to the input of the balanced modulator including tubes 43, 45. The output frequency of the generator can be measured with an accurate frequency counter. The frequency counter can, if necessary, be located at the receiver location, Figure 5. Alternatively, an oscilloscope may be employed to display the audio output from the receiver and to check the accuracy of the cycle tone by Lissajous figures, assuming the oscilloscope is swept accurately at a 60 cycle rate. When no output is desired from the generator, the wiper arms of the switch 53 `are caused to engage the open contacts 1 thereof, removing all signal input to the generator.

A simple and inexpensive arrangement is provided by the invention for simultaneously transmitting' the sound and picture components of a television signal over a single video circuit. v

What is claimed is:

1. A television system comprising, a source of tele- Y vision signals including sound signals and picture signals composed of energy harmonically related to the scanning rates employed at said source to produce said picture signals, said energy occurring in bunches centered at multiples of said scanning rates in the frequency spectrum of said picture signals, a transmission path connected to said source and adapted to carry said picture signals to a distant location, a sound generator connected between said source and said path and responsive to said sound signals to interleave said sound signals on said path between pre-selected ones of said bunches, whereby a composite signal including said picture and sound signals is carried over said path, means coupled to said generator for operating said generator to reduce the level of said interleaved sound signals to eiectively remove said sound signals from said path, said generator operating in the absence of the operation of said means to interleave said sound signals at a given level to forward said interleaved sound signals over said path, a receiver connected to said path at said distant location and responsive to said composite signal to produce said sound signals as originally produced by said source when said sound signals are interleaved at said given level on said path, means coupled to said receiver for increasing the gain of said receiver during periods in which said generator is operated by said first-mentioned means to reduce the level of said interleaved sound signals, and signal processing means located at said distant location connected to said path and to said receiver responsive to said picture signals and to the sound signals produced by said receiver.

2. A television system as claimed in claim 1 and wherein said sound generator is responsive to said sound signals to produce a single sideband sound signal having a band center frequency located in the space between preselected adjacent bunches in said spectrum.

3. A television system as claimed in claim l, and including a second transmission path connected to said source and adapted to carry said sound signals to said distant location, switching means located at said distant location arranged in one condition to connect said signal processing means to said second path vand in a second condition to connect said signal processing means to said receiver, whereby the sound signals produced by said 

